Rhodesia and Nyasaland罗得西亚与尼亚萨兰

J. M. Rattray; H. Wild

This paper presents the rationale, methods, and classification system used in producing the Vegetation Map of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Federal Atlas Map No. 10). Compiled by J. M. Rattray and H. W. Wild, the map aimed to follow as closely as possible the recommendations of the 1956 Yangambi meeting of the Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara (C.S.A.), while also consulting Keay's (1959) Vegetation Map of Africa and Rattray's (1960) Map of the Grass Cover of Africa. The map was largely compiled from existing sources: Henkel (1931) for Southern Rhodesia, Trapnell, Martin and Allen (1950) for Northern Rhodesia, and unpublished maps by Willan and Jackson for Nyasaland, with revisions contributed by several specialists. A colour and hatching system was used to reflect a moisture gradient from the wettest (montane and submontane grasslands with forest patches, shown in violet) to the driest areas (mopane woodlands or savannas, shown in red), while different line patterns indicated physiognomic categories such as forest, thicket, woodland, and savanna. The paper then describes in detail the vegetation types mapped, including evergreen forests, montane grasslands dominated by Themeda, Loudetia or Exotheca, Hyparrhenia grasslands, Loudetia grasslands, Andropogon grasslands, swamp and papyrus sudd, and numerous savanna types (Diplorhynchus, Parinari, Combretum-Afromosia-Pterocarpus-Acacia, Burkea-Dialium-Baikiaea-Colophospermum, Terminalia, Acacia, Adansonia-Hyphaene-Acacia-Sterculia-Cordyla, and Colophospermum mopane savannas), discussing their distribution, dominant species, and ecological relationships. The authors note difficulties in applying the Yangambi definitions of 'savanna' versus 'steppe', particularly in Southern Rhodesia and the Bechuanaland Protectorate, where grass height and leaf form vary with season and grazing pressure. They conclude that the mapped formations form a single broad physiognomic unit and acknowledge the need for larger-scale mapping and more detailed surveys in the future.

Ena L. Yonge

This article is a comprehensive review of regional atlases, written by Ena L. Yonge. The author begins by noting that, given the ever-increasing flood of atlases from around the world, individual reviews of each publication are impossible; therefore, a summary survey is adopted. She also stresses that no single reviewer can be sufficiently expert in all aspects of geography, cartography, and linguistics to render sound critical judgments. The roughly one hundred regional atlases discussed are grouped primarily by continent or large region and then arranged alphabetically by country. In the European section, the author evaluates national and thematic atlases from Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, and other countries, covering topics such as road transport, historical geography, climate, population, economy, and land use. She comments in detail on cartographic quality, scales, printing techniques, and practical utility. For example, the Austrian national atlas, directed by Hans Bobek and Erik Arnberger under the Commission for Land Planning of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, was published in five annual parts and demonstrates excellent cartography and printing. The Atlas de Belgique and the Atlas du Survey National supplement each other with plates on hydrogeology, phytogeography, agriculture, basic industries, waterways, and railways. The Climatic Atlas of Czechoslovakia is praised for its beautiful large-scale maps of temperature and precipitation. The article then turns to North America, focusing on state atlases in the United States, including Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New York, Ohio, and West Virginia. These atlases cover agriculture, forestry, economic resources, historical geography, and population, often compiled by universities or state agencies for educational and planning purposes. In the South American section, the author highlights notable publications such as the Atlas do Brasil, the Atlas de economía colombiana, and Venezuelan climatic and forest atlases. Throughout the review, the author acknowledges the scholarly value and cartographic achievements of many works while also pointing out occasional problems such as overly large formats or inappropriate scales. Overall, the article provides a broad and informative reference guide to regional atlases for scholars in geography, cartography, and related fields.