Tanzania坦桑尼亚

N. Monck

This review evaluates the 1967 Atlas of Tanzania. Despite the foreword's claim that it was designed to support development planning, the atlas largely replicates its 1957 predecessor in style and substance, with only modest innovations such as maps of potential land use and fisheries, yet omits a communications map and population overlay. The author argues that it shows little hard thinking about planners' information needs or a format appropriate for a poor country, and fails to provide key data on regional disparities, temporal changes, and interregional flows. Lack of data is only a partial excuse, as much existing information remains unused. The review concludes that this traditional, lavish atlas may well be the last of its kind.

Mike Shand; Eugene Silayo

This paper reviews the history and production of atlases in Africa, with a special focus on Tanzania, and discusses the impact of current digital mapping technology on the future of atlas publication. The first part systematically traces atlas publishing in Africa from the late 19th-century colonial period to the post-independence era, noting that approximately 274 atlases of Africa and its individual countries have been published to date, including over 150 single-nation atlases. The paper classifies atlases according to territorial extent (international, multinational, singlenation, intranational) and content (general, specialist/thematic, school), and provides a detailed account of the six national atlases of Tanzania: one for German East Africa (1906), three for Tanganyika (1942, 1948, 1956), and two for the Republic of Tanzania (1967, 1976). It also examines the numerous educational and thematic atlases produced for East Africa and Tanzania by government agencies, universities, and commercial publishers. Historical data show that single-nation atlas production peaked in the 1960s when nearly 80% of African countries gained independence, with 64 atlases published during that decade; production has since declined to fewer than five per year due to severe financial constraints and low priority given to national mapping compared to health, welfare, and education. The second part of the paper addresses the application of digital mapping and desktop publishing technologies to three key projects: the revision or production of a new edition of the National Atlas of Tanzania, the creation of a demographic atlas based on population census data, and the development of a small-scale cartographic database. The authors reference a series of completed sample atlas sheets of Tanzania produced by digital methods, and compare analogue and digital production techniques, highlighting issues such as data collection, cost, and collaborative effort. They argue that the lack of up-to-date atlas maps seriously hampers planners, researchers, scholars, and students both within and outside Tanzania. Although the demand for new atlases is evident, meeting this demand under prevailing economic circumstances remains difficult. The paper concludes by echoing the foreword to the 1976 Atlas of Tanzania, which warned that such a work will portray a false picture unless systematically updated, amended, and changed. This challenge, the authors contend, must be addressed by Tanzanian cartographers through the adoption of digital technology and collaborative approaches to ensure the continued relevance of atlas publication in Tanzania and Africa as a whole.

David N. Siriba; Daniel O. Nyangweso

National atlases synthesize a country's spatial knowledge through maps and textual descriptions. The three East African countries—Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania—gained independence around the same period and, with support from the British Directorate of Overseas Surveys, produced their first national atlases within a similar timeframe. However, these atlases have not been revised for decades. This paper reviews the historical development of national atlases in the three countries, examines the reasons for their stagnation, and discusses the implications of paradigm shifts including web mapping, Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The analysis shows that delayed updates of topographic base maps, the ability of individual government departments to publish their own thematic atlases, and the growing availability of geospatial data through SDI and VGI have diminished the perceived relevance of official national atlases. Nevertheless, despite the still-low level of SDI development in East Africa, SDI and VGI offer a promising opportunity to revive the national atlas. The authors recommend that these countries move from printed products to online dynamic electronic atlases and conduct user-centered studies on interface and content design, thereby repositioning the national atlas within the modern geospatial ecosystem.