# National Atlas of Slovenia: Current Trends and Future Opportunities Jerneja Fridl Anton Melik Geographical Institute of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Gosposka 13, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: jerneja@zrcsazu.si In this paper, I wish to present briefly the development of the national atlas of Slovenia, its content scheme and cartographic and technical solutions, as well as the plans for publishing the atlas on a CD-ROM. ## DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF SLOVENIA Plans to publish a national atlas of Slovenia first arose in 1969 when Slovenia was still one of the republics of the former Yugoslavia. However, until Slovenia’s independence in 1991, the project was never realized. When Slovenia became independent, the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport supported the development-research project to prepare content for a national atlas that was undertaken by the Institute of Geography and the Anton Melik Geographical Institute of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Due to the complexity of the content, 53 foremost experts from five geographical and 20 non-geographical institutions participated along with the six members of the editorial board in the preparation of the texts and original maps (C^h erne, Kladnik, 1995, p, 12). The publication of the book was financed by the DZS publishing house, and in 1998 the Slovenelanguage Geografski atlas Slovenije (Geographical Atlas of Slovenia) appeared. The cover of the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia (Figure 1) is adorned by the image of a linden tree, which we Slovenes consider a national symbol. Linden trees have always stood in the centre of Slovene villages or beside the roads leading to the wider world, and village elders assembled beneath them to make important decisions. Their seats are represented by the 12 stones surrounding the linden tree. The reserved and serious appearance of the cover should please readers, although not all will understand the symbolic meaning of the linden tree surrounded by stones. ## CONTENTS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ATLAS OF SLOVENIA The Atlas is designed to present natural science, technical, social, economic and humanistic–scientific knowledge about the natural, social, economic, spatial and environmental characteristics of Slovenia as comprehensively as possible. Originally, the Atlas was meant to have 700 pages, but at the request of the publishing house this figure was reduced to 360 pages, which meant reducing the scale of the main maps from 1:500 000 (two-page maps) to 1:750 000 (singlepage maps) and the reduction of accompanying texts. While this did not require any major generalization of content, the majority of the maps needed major modifica tion from the viewpoint of cartographic generalization. We endeavoured to divide the topics treated in the Atlas logically into chapters to achieve a certain balance of content and added themes that had not been previously presented to the wider public on maps. The following main chapters follow in turn: Preface, Slovenia in Europe, Cartographic Image, Territory, Population, Human Endeavours, Settling, Environment. The table of contents of the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia (Figure 2). Each chapter is divided into several subchapters. As a rule, each subchapter contains at least one 1:750000-scale thematic map and frequently contains additional maps in smaller scales. The Geographical Atlas of Slovenia contains a total of 190 thematic maps. The text is further complemented by 261 photographs, 145 graphs, 11 tables and 51 other graphic illustrations (Fridl, 1999, p. 40). The Atlas concludes with an index of 1:500 000- and 1:300 000- scale topographical maps, an extensive bibliography and summaries of individual subchapters in English. Each chapter begins with a title and a slightly emphasized summary of the text on the left, even-numbered pages of the Atlas. The accompanying texts, set in three columns, do not exceed 6000 characters for individual subchapters. We elected to use the three-column format for the text because we believe that a more variegated page appears more interesting to the average reader and because it is easier to insert tables, graphs and other graphic illustrations of various sizes. The right, oddnumbered pages of the Atlas are devoted to ![](images/4353402e94b281af21bacfcfb948976ee01a8a05158961e1f1dacdee54ab8a88.jpg) Figure 1. Cover of the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia 1:750 000-scale thematic maps. The maps in individual subchapters vary in size, but in general, typical pages are uniformly designed, which should emphasize the unity and relativity of the contents. The texts are written in a popular science style because the book is intended for the wider public and not merely a narrow circle of experts. The task of the editors of the chapters was to ensure the uniformity of technical texts and of professional terminology, avoid the duplication of topics, remove abbreviations, make units of measure uniform, etc. The editors also selected the corresponding pictorial material. ## THEMATIC MAPS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ATLAS OF SLOVENIA As a member of the editorial board and editor for maps, I was responsible for the design and production of the thematic maps, so I would therefore like to present our cartographic and technical solutions in somewhat more detail. As a rule, all the maps are furnished with marginal data and legends. The title of the map is always in the upper left corner, and the names of authors, scales and copyrights are located along with the legend in the lower left corner. The sources of map data are assembled at the end of the book immediately after the bibliography. Mentioning all of the contributors on each map would require too much space because several institutions such as the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia and the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia contributed numerous data. Perhaps here it is reasonable to mention that the spatia data and phenomena are only shown within the national boundaries. This does not mean that Slovenia is separated from neighbouring countries in a natural and social sense; on the contrary, many analyses consider conditions in the surrounding areas (for example, karst waters, average annual precipitation, surface in the Quaternary, energy and bus networks, etc.). However, it is a general characteristic of national atlases that cartographic illustrations are limited by national boundaries (Kladnik, 1996, p. 12).

TITTLIS OF CHAPTERS AND SUBCHAPTERS	PAGES	THEMATIC MAPS	PHOTO-GRAPHS	GRAPHS	TABLES	OTHER GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS
PREFACE	1-11	1	4	-	-	-
FOREWORD	6-7	-	1	-	-	-
ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHICAL ATLAS OF SLOVENIA	8-9	-	-	-	-	-
INDEPENDENT SLOVENIA	10-11	1	3	-	-	-
SLOVENIA IN EUROPE	12-35	9	2	4	1	1
PREFACE	12-13	-	1	-	-	-
PHYSICAL MAP OF EVROPE	14-15	1	-	-	-	-
POLITICAL MAP OF EVROPE	16-17	1	-	-	-	-
MAP OF ALPS	18	1	-	-	-	-
SLOVENIA IN EUROPE	19-20	-	-	4	1	-
MAP OF SLOVENIA (in scale 1:500,000)	21-23	1	-	-	-	-
MAP OF SLOVENIA (in scale 1:300,000)	24-30	1	-	-	-	-
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION	31-35	4	1	-	-	1
CARTOGRAPHIC IMAGE	36-71	2	22	-	-	40
PREFACE	36-37	-	1	-	-	-
SLOVENIA ON OLD MAPS	38-49	-	-	-	-	20
AN OUTLINE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY	50-51	-	2	-	-	4
SLOVENE CARTOGRAPHY TODAY	52-55	-	-	-	-	10
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS	56-61	-	11	-	-	-
DIGITAL RELIEF MODEL	62-65	1	1	-	-	6
SATTELITE IMAGES	66-71	1	7	-	-	-
TERRITORY	72-125	41	65	13	3	-
PREFACE	72-73	-	1	-	-	-
ROCKS	74-77	2	6	-	1	-
SURFACE IN THE QUATERNARY	78-79	1	2	-	-	-
SURFACE	80-83	2	7	-	-	-
SURFACE ALTITUDE	84-85	1	2	-	-	-
SURFACE INCLINATION	86-87	1	2	1	-	-
SURFACE EXPOSITION	88-89	1	2	1	-	-
KARST SURFACE	90-91	1	2	-	-	-
KARST WATER SYSTEMS	92-93	1	2	-	-	-
SURFACE WATERS	94-95	1	1	-	-	-
THE SEA	96-97	5	2	-	-	-
PRECIPITATION	98-99	1	-	4	-	-
AIR TEMPERATURES	100-103	3	-	6	-	-
SOLAR RADIATION	104-105	4	1	-	1	-
WEATHER	106-109	7	7	-	-	-
CLIMATE	110-111	1	1	1	-	-
PHENOLOGICAL MAPS	112-113	3	3	-	-	-
SOILS	114-115	1	3	-	-	-
VEGETATION	116-119	2	3	-	-	-
REGIONS	120-125	3	18	-	1	-
POPULATION	126-177	34	33	46	2	2
PREFACE	126-127	-	1	-	-	-
TITTLIES OF CHAPTERS AND SUBCHAPTERS	PAGES	THEMATIC MAPS	PHOTO-GRAPIS	GRAPHS	TABLES	OTHER GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS
POPULATION AND POPULATION GROWTH	128-131	5	2	6	-	-
BIRTH-RATE	132-133	1	2	2	-	-
DEATH-RATE	134-135	1	1	3	-	-
NATURAL INCREASE	136-137	1	1	2	-	-
MIGRATION	138-143	3	4	5	-	-
DAILY MIGRATION	144-145	2	1	2	-	-
POPULATION DENSITY	146-147	3	1	2	-	-
AGE STRUCTURE	148-151	2	4	5	-	-
GENDER STRUCTURE	152-153	1	2	-	1	-
EDUCATION STRUCTURE	154-155	1	1	3	-	-
ETHNIC STRUCTURE	156-157	1	1	3	-	-
LANGUAGE STRUCTURE	158-159	1	1	4	-	-
DIALECTS	160-161	2	-	-	-	2
RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE	162-163	1	2	1	-	-
RURAL POPULATION	164-167	3	1	2	-	-
POPULATION TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS AND REGIONS	168-169	3	1	-	1	-
MIGRANT WORKERS	170-171	1	1	2	-	-
EMIGRATION	172-173	1	2	1	-	-
SLOVENE MINORITY COMMUNITIES IN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES	174-177	1	4	3	-	-
HUMAN ENDEAVOURS	178-279	70	81	71	2	3
PREFACE	178-179	-	1	-	-	-
LAND USE	180-191	8	5	4	1	-
LAND FRAGMENTATION	192-197	5	3	4	-	1
STRUCTURE OF FIELD CROPS	198-201	4	4	7	-	-
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION	202-207	4	6	7	-	-
WINEGROWING REGIONS	208-209	1	3	1	-	-
TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE	210-211	2	-	-	1	-
MINING	212-215	2	4	3	-	-
ENERGY	216-219	1	4	5	-	-
INDUSTRY	220-225	7	3	3	-	-
TRAFFIC NETWORK	226-229	3	5	3	-	-
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAIL NETWORK	230-231	2	2	1	-	-
TRAFFIC BURDEN	232-233	1	1	2	-	-
PUBLIC BUS SERVICE	234-235	2	-	1	-	1
BORDER TRAFFIC	236-237	1	2	4	-	-
TELECOMMUNICATIONS	238-239	1	1	2	-	-
RETAIL TRADE	240-241	2	1	1	-	-
SMALL INDUSTRY	242-243	2	1	1	-	-
DOMESTIC CRAFTS	244-247	1	6	-	-	-
TOURISM	248-251	2	6	4	-	-
EDUCATION	252-255	2	3	7	-	-
HEALTH CARE	256-257	1	2	2	-	-
CULTURE	258-261	1	4	4	-	-
RELIGION	262-265	2	8	-	-	1

Figure 2. The table of contents of the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia

TITTLIES OF CHAPTERS AND SUBCHAPTERS	PAGES	THEMATIC MAPS	PHOTO-GRAPIS	GRAPHS	TABLES	OTHER GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE	266-277	12	3	3	-	-
ECONOMIC POWER OF THE POPULATION	278-279	1	3	2	-	-
SETTLING	280-313	26	40	6	2	5
PREFACE	280-281	-	1	-	-	-
SETTLING IN ARCHEOLOGICAL PERIODS	282-287	6	6	-	-	1
COLONIZATION	288-291	1	4	-	-	3
SYSTEMS OF FIELD DIVISION	292-295	5	4	-	-	-
RURAL ARCHITECTURE	296-297	1	5	-	-	-
RURAL SETTLEMENTS	298-300	1	6	-	1	-
TOWNS	301-305	6	5	-	-	1
TOWN FUNCTIONS	306-307	3	3	-	-	-
CENTRAL SETTLEMENTS	308-309	1	2	-	1	-
CHARACTERISTICS OF URBANIZATION	310-313	2	4	6	-	-
ENVIRONMENT	314-327	7	14	5	1	-
PREFACE	314-315	-	1	-	-	-
IMPORTANT NATURAL RESOURCES	316-317	1	2	-	-	-
NATURAL DISASTERS	318-319	1	1	-	1	-
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION	320-322	2	2	5	-	-
WASTE DUMPS AND WASTE TREATMENT	323	1	1	-	-	-
NATURAL HERITAGE	324-325	1	3	-	-	-
CULTURAL HERITAGE	326-327	1	4	-	-	-
MAP INDEX	328-342	-	-	-	-	-
LITERATURE AND SOURCES	343-354	-	-	-	-	-
ARTICLE SUMMARIES	354-360	-	-	-	-	-
Sum total		190	261	145	11	51

Figure 2. Continued Computer developments and the use of Geographical Information Systems allow modern maps to present a multitude of spatial data that was not possible to calculate and present in classical cartography (for example, surface exposi tion, surface slope, population density using a 100x100- metre grid, the proportion of rural population with centroids of settlement, etc.). For new types of data it was also necessary to design new methods for their presentation. It is necessary to be aware that the development of software and hardware allows the production of visually pleasing and aesthetic maps only if their programmers and designers know and consider established cartographic principles (Fridl, 1998, p. 2). Computer cartography allows the cartographic symbols to be more complicated because the manual work involved is greatly reduced. However, we must be careful not to overburden digital maps with complicated forms and a larger number of cartographic symbols or toponyms because this substantially reduces their legibility (Rozman, 1984, p. 5). ![](images/6209c89d00b9ecbb3c5b25a4be3a85fc3aef83e1dde2240bede34f4f17136b3d.jpg) PETUSK ro ni dde B. kar osue ile e d du Mep es s e de me o o esd es nza e e vol bra n y k kah n d po os h Mo Mo hne vt lol Idel e d nir r iso ![](images/e063d4c63f6aebe4bb78bc5d7b4b9be318606c414596e71c7991eba61c8f3512.jpg) ![](images/874a3103b140afd5fe7c0e05ec15374292c303bdb137cd65842319fb841bb00c.jpg) _Typical _page _of _the _Geographical A^tlas ^o id s o o oo o po le na e o d l le aad c n o vs d s d. ![](images/14b8073527b9a35e76ca947a64a876e5f58eba6a6ce09e0c26959b7864e4283e.jpg) ![](images/d075401fdc1b8e3967ef740404fd61db700fe8759146b986e91a6c4c0f321398.jpg) no l do sit l o n i y d So yv e a il mo e e i po vene e e lo bvde d els n o os d o am ee e us e ## IZOA SEVVA ![](images/6a932b5d278ced98f8affc0c01dc13b67be5e47cb3a0926feff243077f44c1ac.jpg) Figure 4.General design of the thematic map ![](images/eaf90ba61d4ad1ba8ee285f8822015ea06273f76f145dc8c2ecc1d324ed3faf5.jpg) Figure 5.Presentation of spatial data within national boundaries On thematic maps, the elements of the topographical base such as relief, hydrography, settlements, traffic networks and administrative borders are of secondary importance compared with the elements of the thematic content; however, they are necessary for the correct positioning of thematic phenomena and the clear reading of maps (Fridl, 1999, p. 102). It is impossible to imagine presenting statistical data on a blank sheet of paper. In the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia, the most frequently used topographical elements on thematic maps include the national boundary, computerdesigned black-and-white relief, hydrography and larger cities. Only exceptionally, if the theme requires it, is the traffic network presented, that is, the roads and railway lines. All the other elements of topographical content such as airports, ports, border crossings, forest surfaces and the like are presented only in the framework of the dominant thematic content and not as elements of the topographical base. We strove to make the elements of the base as modest as possible in favour of presenting one, two or more geographical phenomena because we are aware that such simplicity helps achieve the greater clarity and efficiency of thematic maps. Designing the thematic maps for the Atlas required thorough studies about the suitability of scales for individual content, the approach for generalization and the design of cartographic symbols with the help of Bertin’s graphic variables. Working with computers, we have substantially greater possibilities for testing various shapes, sizes, colours, thickness and patterns of point, line and area symbols. In designing cartographic presentations, a feeling for colour and the positional coordination of elements on a map plays an especially important role. This feeling can be achieved with practice, but never completely. Robinson even compares the designing of maps with the requirements for writing a book. He believes that in spite of having quality content and precisely positioned data at our disposal, any map will still be relatively impoverished without careful design (Robinson, 1995, p. 316). It was necessary to subordinate the design of the thematic maps for the Atlas to the overall appearance and size of the book, the scales required and above all to the type of data since the most important factor in the selection of the cartographic symbols and their transformation using Bertin’s graphic variables was whether we wanted to present the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of the phenomena or just the time aspect of their occurrence. It turned out that the greatest effort, time and knowledge was invested in the design and preparation of the thematic maps. ## ENGLISH VERSION OF THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF SLOVENIA The Slovene version of the national atlas received a very positive response, and the initial print run of 35 000 copies rapidly sold out as the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia proved to be suitably useful for schools, research institutions and spatial planning, as well as in general use. From the start, however, we wanted to present our small but diverse and interesting country to the world. Aiming primarily at the Slovene market, the DZS publishing house was not enthusiastic about a bilingual version and would only agree that summaries of the subchapters appear in English at the end of the Geographical Atlas of Slovenia. Our great wish was realized three years later. On the tenth anniversary of Slovenia’s independence, the Rokus Publishing House published modified versions of the Geographical Atlas entitled Nacionalni atlas Slovenije in Slovene and National Atlas of Slovenia in English. Its purpose is to increase the recognition of the natural, cultural and spiritual identity of Slovenia, especially now that Slovenia has joined the European Union. Because the National Atlas of Slovenia is primarily intended as an advertising, business and private gift item, Rokus offers a luxury version bound in brown leather and a slightly simpler and less expensive version with a blue cloth cover. The content has been somewhat condensed for the English version of the book. There are 105 main thematic maps in the National Atlas of Slovenia, which due to the smaller format of the book have been reduced from 1:750 000 scale to 1:1 000 000 scale. Regrettably, the Atlas contains statistical data from 1991 since the next official population census took place a year after the book was published. The book has a special chapter entitled ‘Facts about Slovenia’, which contains basic facts on the location and surface features of the country, diplomatic and consular addresses, the number and ethnic structure of the population, the political system, etc. This chapter is intended mostly for foreign readers who do not know much about the country or who have encountered it for the first time. The following chapters provide a historical overview of Slovene mapmaking and are certain to be regarded by readers as a visual treat. Next comes an exhaustive geographic survey of Slovenia’s terrain, detailing the most basic and critical aspects of the land — landscape variety, rock types, relief, climate, soil, vegetation, bodies of water. The sociodemographic material that follows describes early settlement and land cultivation, as well as developmental and structural characteristics of the modern era. The chapter on population discusses natural transformations and migratory shifts; it also provides a breakdown of population characteristics — age, gender, religion, ethnicity, languages, education and employment. A special chapter is devoted to the sizable population of Slovenes who live outside Slovenia, followed by presentations on basic economic and other social activities inside Slovenia. The chapter on the environment discusses pollution and other negative consequences of development; also included are data on natural disasters, primary natural resources and cultural heritage. At the end of the book can be found an index of Slovenian geographic names, a multilingual glossary of geographical terms and a bibliography (C^h erne, 2001, p. 9). Because the texts have been condensed, the chapters are not divided into subchapters in this version of the Atlas. ## POSSIBILITIES FOR UPDATING THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF SLOVENIA In the last five years, developments in computer technology have brought new possibilities to cartography, and we also have the latest official data from the 2002 census at our disposal. New plans for updating the Atlas with the latest information and its publication on CD-ROM are forming. This would allow the presentation of all or at least some of the themes on three-dimensional maps and not just on two-dimensional maps, which has been the case until now. In addition to the more realistic depiction of heights, a three-dimensional cartographic model also allows changing the point of observation, simulating interventions in the landscape, presenting dynamic phenomena, etc. ![](images/efa83bc4096310b429e05e61ba21f09e1b8f99770a085651e54a8e854838cf93.jpg) Figure 6.Presentation of statistical data using example of centroids of settlements ![](images/11190f35ddd0a2cc6c36547a0fb89788dd95a4c36cbe71837695b66ff3a050ee.jpg) Figure 7. English version of the national atlas of Slovenia ![](images/f6e5b16900766ee23e7e18a4bcb611f054479deb78a2f4a8d4205adf6d966ea7.jpg) Figure 8. Example of a three-dimensional map (Petroviï, 2001, p. 82) The creation of three-dimensional maps requires the definition of new principles for designing cartographic symbols. For two-dimensional maps, these principles have developed over centuries through use, but similar principles have not yet been established for three-dimensional maps. In contrast to the symbols on two-dimensional maps, three-dimensional map symbols are largely geometric bodies. Here, many questions arise that must be answered. How to position the bodies? Which already-established graphic variables can be used? How to change the appearance of a cartographic symbol relative to the distance of the object from the observation point? And last but not least, how to position toponyms in relation to the corresponding cartographic symbols? Deliberations on these questions have brought us to some partial answers that still need to be concretely tested in practice. Threedimensional cartographic symbols for point objects are best located by the coordinates of the ‘foot point’, geometric centre or centre of gravity. In the majority of cases, they are positioned on the surface of the earth, in which case x and y coordinates suffice. For the rotation of asymmetrical objects, the orientation must still be defined. Threedimensional cartographic symbols for linear objects are in most cases presented by a line in space. To present water courses and trails running across terrain, their horizontal position suffices, while the vertical position is defined by the relief model. For roads and railways on viaducts, in tunnels, and so forth, along with the x and y coordinates, the z coordinates of point of refraction are also important (Petrovich, 2001, p. 65). For three-dimensional cartographic symbols for plane objects, z coordinates are important as well as the x and y coordinates of the polygon. For the creation of three-dimensional cartographic symbols, it will be necessary to introduce new variables to accompany the six already established graphic variables (shape, size, colour, value, texture and orientation). With the storage of spatial data in databases, the new question about the number of levels of detail of content appeared. An ideal solution would be a database with only one level of detail. Unfortunately, such a system still does not work because there are too many open questions in the procedures of automated generalization. Therefore several levels of detail of content must be defined, used for presentations in a set range of scales. The design of cartographic symbols therefore depends greatly on the chosen level of detail of cartographic presentation. ![](images/16b07547b95273f31d59274a8c790ac419bbf9f59c828cd5a7eb721be5dd3dca.jpg) Figure 9. Cartographic symbol for a church at different levels of detail (Petrovich, 2001, p. 98) A national atlas on CD-ROM would also have to allow its users access to additional tabular data on a specific object or phenomenon and include photographs, graphs, video shots and even sound. In the future, major work awaits us as we explore the possibilities offered by new programmes in the sphere of three-dimensional computer cartography. In practice, we will have to investigate the creation of three-dimensional cartographic symbols, how to make them understandable and clear, how to position them, and how to add corresponding geographical names (for example, toponyms, hydronyms, exonyms, etc.). ## LITERATURE AND SOURCES C^h erne, A., Kladnik, D. (1995). ‘Pomembno delo, v katerem sodeluje 53 strokovnjakov iz 25 ustanov. Delo, Znanost’, Wednesday, 13 December 1995, 12 pp. C^h erne, A. (2001). National Atlas of Slovenia, Rokus Publishing House, Ljubljana, Forward, p. 9. Fridl, J. (1998). Digitalna tematska kartografija in njena aplikacija v nacionalnem atlasu Slovenije. Magisterska naloga — Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo, Ljubljana, 179 pp. Fridl, J. (1999). Metodologija tematske kartografije nacionalnega atlasa Slovenije, Zalo¥ba ZRC, Ljubljana, 136 pp. Kladnik, D. (1996). ‘Odmev na odmev — Zakaj zemljevidi ne segajo ïez mejo’, Delo, Wednesday, 10 January 1996, 12 pp. Petroviï, D. (2001). ‘Naïela oblikovanja izraznih sredstev v tridimenzionalnih kartografskih prikazih’, Doktorska disertacija, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo, Ljubljana, 130 pp. Robinson, A. H. (1995). Elements of Cartography, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Canada, 674 pp. Rozman, J. (1984). Izhodišcha za pripravo rachunalniškega atlasa. V: Obchina Se¥ana — rachunalniški atlas, pp. 5–84, Inštitut za geodezijo in fotogrametrijo, Ljubljana.