Atlas of Finland 1910
Atlas de Finlande 1910
Finland · · 1911
Related Reviews & Articles
Suomen Kartasto, 1960, Atlas of Finland, 1960/1962
Georges Chabot · 1964
This review assesses the fourth edition of the Atlas of Finland (1960), published by the Finnish Geographical Society, which pioneered the national atlas format in 1899. The atlas comprises 421 maps and an accompanying text volume, with legends in Finnish, English and sometimes Swedish. It covers physical geography, population, agriculture, industry, commerce, transportation, and regional divisions. The reviewer notes that the maps show major advances in Finnish cartography, such as detailed topographic coverage, and illustrate profound postwar changes: population concentration and aging in the south, northern growth, agricultural restructuring, and expansion of mechanical and electrical industries. The work is praised for its comprehensive information, effective use of color, and concise English commentaries. It represents a continuation of Finland’s tradition of national self-representation and remains a valuable reference for geography.
Entwicklung und Stand der Kartographie Finnlands
Ulrich Kriesche · 1944
Development and Current State of Finnish Cartography [Abstract] The development of Finnish cartography has been profoundly shaped by the country's changing political fortunes. Military needs created an early demand for maps, but successive wars and shifts in sovereignty prevented uniform mapping efforts across the whole country. In addition, the vast, sparsely inhabited northern regions long lacked reliable survey data, so early maps were often inaccurate. Sixteenth-century European maps depicted Finland in heavily distorted form, although Simon van Salinghen's 1601 map already showed Lapland remarkably well. During Swedish rule in the 17th century, Andreas Bureus introduced scientific and systematic mapping, promoted triangulation, and produced geometric cadastral maps. A land survey institution was established in 1633, Finland's first geographic map appeared in 1641, and Gripenhielm's map of 1688 represented a significant improvement. After stagnation in the early 18th century due to the Great Discord, mapping resumed after 1743, benefiting from triangulations by Maupertuis and others; Hällström improved relief representation with a careful hill-shading technique. By the end of the 18th century, the Finnish Reconnaissance Brigade had produced the country's first military topographic map. In 1809 Finland became a Russian Grand Duchy, and in 1812 the General Land Survey Office was founded, leading to further systematic surveys. The article also discusses modern developments in Finnish cartography, including geodetic foundations and map types such as the practical economic map at 1:100,000 and the Finland Atlas. The author concludes that the present war will again give fresh impetus to Finnish mapping.
La deuxième édition de l'Atlas de Finlande: second article
J. Poirot · 1913
This article reviews the second edition of the Atlas of Finland, published by the Geographical Society of Finland, with particular attention to its section on human geography. It examines the population distribution and evolution of Finland from a historical perspective: the territory was already inhabited during the Neolithic Littorina period, and subsequent Germanic migrations during the Iron Age and the arrival of Finnish tribes shaped a population dominated by Finnish- and Swedish-speaking groups. By 1908, of Finland's approximately three million inhabitants, 86.7 percent spoke Finnish and 12.9 percent Swedish. The article identifies three major phases of colonization: initial settlement along the southern and southwestern coasts; agricultural expansion into interior wilderness regions during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through methods such as slash-and-burn cultivation; and, after 1860, accelerating urbanization driven by industrialization. In agriculture, the article highlights extreme land inequality—the state owning 39 percent of the territory—and a transformation from primitive burn-beating to modern farming. Because of frequent frosts and the harsh climate, rye gave way to oats, while livestock raising and dairy production flourished, making butter a major export commodity. In industry, Finland suffers from scarce mineral resources but possesses abundant forests and water power, favoring timber and paper industries. The article further analyzes Finland's trade patterns: exports consist mainly of timber and butter, with Helsinki as the principal port; transportation relies on the natural advantage of numerous lakes and rivers, supplemented by the Saima Canal and railways, with an extensive lighthouse and pilotage system along the treacherous coastline. The author praises the Atlas for its rich content—covering population, agriculture, industry, trade, communications, health, history, archaeology, and education—and commends the Finnish people for creating a flourishing civilization under challenging natural conditions through tenacity and a favorable social and political regime.
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